Canned Cycle in CNC Machining
A canned cycle is a pre-programmed sequence of G-code commands that automate repetitive machining operations, such as drilling, tapping, or boring. These cycles streamline programming by condensing multiple steps like positioning, cutting, retracting, and dwell times into a single command with user-defined parameters (e.g., depth, feed rate, retract height).
Key Features:
- Standardized Codes: Common cycles include G81 (simple drilling), G83 (peck drilling), G84 (tapping), and G85 (boring).
- Parameters: Defined by the programmer (e.g.,
Zfor depth,Ffor feed rate,Rfor retract plane). - Efficiency: Reduces code length, minimizes errors, and speeds up programming.
- Machine-Specific Variations: While many cycles are standardized, implementations may differ slightly between CNC controllers.
Purpose: Simplify complex operations, enhance consistency, and improve productivity in CNC machining.
List of turning Cycles :
| Cycle Number | Cycle Description | Cycle Definition |
|---|---|---|
| G70 | Finishing Cycle | Used to perform a finishing cut on a workpiece after rough machining has been completed. It follows a predefined path to achieve a smooth surface finish and precise dimensions. |
| G71 | Stock Removal in X Axis | A multiple repetitive cycle designed for roughing cuts in the X axis (diameter direction). It removes material in successive passes, following a programmed profile to efficiently shape the workpiece. |
| G72 | Stock Removal in Facing | Similar to G71 but operates in the Z axis (axial direction). It performs facing operations by removing material in multiple passes along the axial direction. |
| G73 | Pattern Repeating | This cycle allows for the repetitive cutting of a programmed profile. It’s useful for machining parts with repetitive features that have already been roughly formed by casting, forging, or preliminary machining. |
| G74 | Left-Hand Tapping Cycle | Performs a tapping cycle for left-handed threads, creating internal threads in a pre-drilled hole. |
| G75 | Outer Diameter/Internal Diameter Drilling and Grooving Cycle | Used for drilling and grooving operations in the X axis. It includes chip breaking by retracting the tool periodically during cutting. |
| G76 | Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle | This cycle generates standard thread forms and pitches. It controls the tool path for precise thread cutting in multiple passes, ensuring accurate thread geometry. |
| G80 | Canned Cycle Cancel | Cancels all active canned cycles, returning the machine to its default state. |
| G81 | Deep Hole Drilling Cycle | Designed for deep hole drilling where the drill retracts completely out of the hole at each peck. This prevents chip packing and ensures efficient material removal. |
| G82 | Counter Bore Cycle | Creates counter bored holes by drilling to a specified depth and then enlarging the top portion of the hole. |
| G83 | Peck Drilling Cycle | Designed for deep hole drilling with periodic retraction of the drill to clear chips and prevent breakage. |
| G84 | Right-Hand Rigid Tapping Cycle | Performs a tapping cycle for right-handed threads, creating internal threads in a pre-drilled hole. |
| G85 | Reaming/Boring Cycle | Used for reaming or boring operations where the tool feeds into the hole and then retracts at the same feed rate. |
| G86 | Boring Cycle | Executes a boring operation where the spindle stops when the tool reaches the bottom of the hole. |
| G87 | Back-Boring Cycle | Performs a boring operation from the back side of the workpiece, often used for creating precise holes in castings. |
| G88 | Boring Cycle with Manual Retract | Allows for boring operations with manual control over the retraction process. |
| G89 | Boring Cycle with Dwell | Executes a boring operation with a dwell (pause) at the bottom of the hole before retraction. |
| G90 | Outer Diameter/Internal Diameter Cutting Cycle | Performs a single-pass cutting cycle in the X axis. It can be used for both external and internal cutting operations, with the ability to generate tapers using the R parameter. |
| G92 | Thread Cutting Cycle | Executes a single-pass threading cycle. It controls the tool path for cutting threads in one continuous pass, suitable for both external and internal threads. |
| G94 | End Face Turning Cycle | Performs a single-pass facing cycle in the Z axis. It can also generate tapered faces using the R parameter for angular cuts. |
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